Higher-order thinking it's not, but it is a helpful incentive to encourage students to open their textbooks and actually comprehend what is written there. I give students practice answering questions in low-stakes ConcepTests using clickers or on-line practice quizzes before asking such questions on high-stakes exams. Here are some sample questions:. Summer days would be longer than they are now and winter days would be shorter than they are now. On exams, I ask students open-ended essay questions Microsoft Word 4.
See more Examples ». Your Account. This page first made public: Sep 15, Summary One of the most common and persistent scientific misconceptions is that Earth's seasons are caused by Earth's distance from the sun. This activity has been extensively tested, revised and retested for more than 15 years in the Concepts in Earth and Space Sciences course for future teachers at California State University, Chico.
It should work well in Earth science and astronomy courses from middle school to college level. Because this activity is designed to guide students toward discovery of the concepts, it works best if complete it before reading any explanations of or receiving any direct instruction about the causes of the seasons or why it is warmer at the equator than it is at the poles. Other materials needed in chronological order : Per Table: Flashlight Collection of spherical objects to represent celestial bodies as follows:.
Notes on Lab Activity 1: Scale Model of the Solar System I recommend doing the outdoor activity as a whole class with student volunteers to represent each planet; choose the tallest person in the class to pace off the distances. When you get to "Earth," have the students place the moon at the appropriate distance from Earth and point out that, coincidentally, the moon and sun look the same size as seen from Earth.
In the table at the bottom of page 2, fill in appropriate landmarks in your local area that are located at the model distances. Questions 1 and 2 on page 3 typically generate a great deal of discussion. The students may need a fair amount of prodding and questioning to get to the correct answers. Place the globe on a counter so that it is tilted to the right or left i. Spring or Fall position with the Pacific Ocean facing the overhead projector -- having a relatively featureless part of the globe face the projector helps students see the grid projected on it more clearly, without being distracted by the details of complex shorelines or borders.
Notes on Lab Activity on the Causes of the Seasons Before students begin this activity, explain to them that each group will be asked to formulate an initial hypothesis to explain the causes of the seasons.
The students will then try to use this hypothesis to explain a series of facts. If their hypothesis is not up to the task, they must discard and reformulate, modify, or add to their initial hypothesis until it can provide a satisfactory explanation of the facts. Recently viewed 0 Save Search. Your current browser may not support copying via this button. Subscriber sign in You could not be signed in, please check and try again.
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Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. You cannot download interactives. Climate describes the average weather conditions of a particular place over a 30 year period.
All places on earth have their own climates. Different from weather events, which are short-term and temporary phenomenon, climates are usually steady and predictable, and shape how organisms and human civilizations evolve and adapt in any given region.
However, climates are not always permanent, and can change drastically due to human activity. Explore the world's climates and how they affect local regions and the planet with this curated collection of resources. The northern hemisphere experiences summer during the months of June, July, and August because it is tilted toward the sun and receives the most direct sunlight.
Inversely, summer for the southern hemisphere takes place during the months of December, January, and February because that is when it receives the most direct sunlight. Did you know that the earth is approximately 3. Learn more about the relationship between the earth and the sun with these resources. Encyclopedic entry. A great circle is the largest possible circle that can be drawn around a sphere.
All spheres have great circles. Join our community of educators and receive the latest information on National Geographic's resources for you and your students.
Skip to content. Twitter Facebook Pinterest Google Classroom. Encyclopedic Entry Vocabulary. Kenya is one of 13 nations that straddle the Equator. Photograph by W. Robert Moore. Arctic Circle. Also called an astronomical object. There are two equinoxes a year. Northern Hemisphere. North Pole. Satellites can be natural, like moons, or artificial.
Southern Hemisphere. South Pole. Tropic of Cancer.
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