Space is a near-perfect vacuum — its pressure is nearly zero and it has extremely little matter in the empty parts, at any rate. On the other hand, your bottle has a relatively high pressure. When you remove the barrier by opening the cap , the air naturally flows to the region of low pressure. Once there, it creates a localized blob of air, with low pressure — but not as low as the surrounding space.
This localised blob will spread out due to the pressure difference. Theoretically, the air particles will continue spreading indefinitely, if we neglected gravity, the fact that the universe has other stuff in it, and that matter is not continuous. Anyway, there will be an incredibly negligible increase of the pressure of the immediate area. That's about it — the air just spreads out.
Sort of like what happens when you put a drop of red food coloring in a tank of water — it first creates a localized red blob, which spreads out till the change in color is negligible. Note that this process, in space, will be much faster than the red food coloring one.
The two are similar phenomena but the mechanics are different. When you take the lid off, all the molecules that would otherwise hit it escape since there is nothing to hold them back. The effect is a wave of decreasing pressure travelling from the lid to the bottom at about the speed of sound in the bottle.
As a professor of mine used to say "enthalpy rules! There can be oxygen in space, but there is no atmosphere to hold it together to be used by humans.
Around 90 tonnes of the atmosphere disappears into space every day, according to the European Space Agency. Air is made up of a whole range of different gases, but it consists of as much as 80 percent nitrogen. Vitally essential oxygen makes up around 20 percent, along with smaller amounts of argon, carbon dioxide, helium, hydrogen and other substances.
But this is where our intuition about the world trips up slightly. We experience rocks as something heavy and tangible, while air is something fundamentally different. The philosophers of antiquity and other parts of the world came up with the four elements earth, fire, air and water as having qualities that are unique and different from each other.
But that's not how the world works. Everything is made up of elements, and these elements have mass and weight. For either a nitrogen molecule or a rock is to rise above Earth's deep gravitational field, energy needs to be supplied. When we send objects into space, we use rockets to counteract gravity. This requires a lot of energy, which explains why the rockets we use are so large and need so much fuel. To escape Earth's gravity from ground level, you have to ascend at over 40 kilometres per hour.
A Saturn V rocket carried a lunar rover, the spacecraft and three astronauts to the moon, with a total maximum weight of tonnes.
But to launch it into space, the entire rocket weighed 2 tonnes — most of which was fuel, according to NASA. A molecule with nitrogen is much lighter than the rocket load, but energy must still be supplied for it to escape.
Some substances, like helium and hydrogen, are lighter than air. Click here to learn more. A leading-edge research firm focused on digital transformation. Good Subscriber Account active since Shortcuts. Account icon An icon in the shape of a person's head and shoulders. It often indicates a user profile. Log out. US Markets Loading What would you find? At the beginning of your trip through space, you might recognize some of the sights. The Earth is part of a group of planets that all orbit the Sun — with some orbiting asteroids and comets mixed in, too.
You might know that the Sun is actually just an average star, and looks bigger and brighter than the other stars only because it is closer. To get to the next nearest star, you would have to travel through trillions of miles of space. If you could ride on the fastest space probe NASA has ever made, it would still take you thousands of years to get there. If stars are like houses, then galaxies are like cities full of houses. Recently astronomers have learned that many or even most stars have their own orbiting planets.
You would have to travel through millions of trillions more miles of space just to reach another galaxy. Using big telescopes, astronomers see millions of galaxies out there — and they just keep going, in every direction.
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